Here is the full list of all 36 Banished achievements. It takes around 80-100 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Reach a population of 300 citizens without building schools.
Reach 400 citizens without building crops fields, orchards, or pastures.
Reach 300 citizens without building a trading post.
Build a town that has a population of 500 after 200 years.
Build a bridge that is at least 50 units long.
Fill graveyards with at least 400 graves.
Maintain 2 mines with 30 workers each for 3 years.
Maintain 2 quarries with 30 workers each for 3 years.
Build 20 wells in a single town.
Reach a population of 900 citizens.
Build a town that contains 60 cattle, 75 sheep, and 180 chickens.
Simultaneously store 2000 fuel, 2000 wood, 500 stone, 500 iron, 200 tools, 200 coats, and 30000 food.
Build a town with 3 churches, 5 boarding houses, 4 markets, 5 hospitals, 2 trading posts, 6 taverns, and a town hall.
Produce 10,000 iron within a 100 year period.
Build a town that has a population of 300 after 100 years.
Produce 10,000 stone within a 100 year period.
Reach a population of 600 citizens.
Allow 200 nomads into a single town.
Use trading posts to trade 100,000 units of goods in a single town.
Stock the trading post with at least 500 ale, 300 steel tools, and 200 warm coats.
Build a town with 100 stone houses.
Using a harsh climate and a small mountainous map, maintain a population of 50 people for 20 years.
Produce 50,000 logs within a 100 year period.
Equip a population of over 200 adults with steel tools for 4 years.
Build a town with 2000 stone paved road tiles.
Have a fully educated population with 200 adults for 4 years.
Cloth a population of over 200 with warm coats for 4 years.
Grow and harvest 8 different plants and 8 different orchard tree types in a single year.
Use trading posts to trade 50,000 units of goods in a single town.
Reach a population of 300 citizens.
Acquire 3 livestock types, 8 crop seed types, and 8 orchard seed types.
In a single year, produce at least 2000 food each from hunters, gatherers, fisherman, pastures, fields, and orchards.
Build a town that has at least one of every possible structure.
Maintain high happiness for 10 years in a town with at least 100 citizens.
Maintain high health for 10 years in a town with at least 100 citizens.
Build a town of over 200 people that has someone working in every profession for at least 5 years.