Here is the full list of all 29 Axiom Verge achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Defeat Sentinel.
Destroy 2000 bricks.
Defeat the Ukhu Variant.
Defeat one of Athetos' aborted clones.
Be defeated by yourself.
Defeat the Gir-Tab variant.
Destroy 2000 regenerating blocks.
Defeat the Uruku variant.
Discover your first secret world.
Glitch your first enemy.
Defeat the Telal variant.
Defeat the Xedur variant.
Defeat Athetos.
Acquire 100% of all weapons, tools, upgrades, and notes.
Uncover 100% of the game map.
Complete the entire game in under 4 hours.
Find 100% of the weapons in the game.
Find 100% of the tools/abilities in the game.
Find 100% of Health Nodes.
Find 100% of all notes in the game.
Complete the game without dying more than once.
Complete the game once in Speedrun Mode.
Complete the game in Hard difficulty.
Glitch every enemy type at least once.
Find 100% of all Power Nodes.
Complete the game with under 40% of all items.
Bypass Athetos' aborted clone wihout damaging it.
Use the Passcode Tool for the first time.
Spare the Xedur Hul variant.