Here is the full list of all 147 Counter-Strike: Source achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Unlock all 10 rifle kill achievements
Unlock every weapon kill achievement
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the Schmidt Scout
Rescue 500 hostages
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Militia map
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Compound map
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Havana map
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Assault map
Unlock all 5 sub-machine gun kill achievements
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the KM Sub-Machine Gun
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the KM UMP45
Defuse 100 bombs
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Chateau map
Rescue 100 hostages
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the ES C90
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Prodigy map
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the Magnum Sniper Rifle
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Piranesi map
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Tides map
Kill 500 enemy players with the Krieg 552
Kill 500 enemy players with the HE grenade
Kill 500 enemy players with the IDF Defender
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Train map
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Port map
Survive damage from 5 different players within a round
Kill 500 enemy players with the M249
Kill 500 enemy players with the Bullpup
Kill 500 enemy players with the D3/AU-1
Kill 500 enemy players with the Clarion 5.56
Earn $50,000,000 total cash
Kill 500 enemy players with the Krieg 550 Commando
Kill 500 enemy players with the Ingram Mac-10
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the CV-47
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Inferno map
Unlock all 6 Pistol kill achievements
Kill 200 enemy players with the 9x19 Sidearm
Win 250 Pistol Rounds
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Dust map
Kill 10,000 enemies
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Nuke map
Collect three gifts dropped by opponents.
Win 5000 rounds
Kill 500 enemy players with the Schmidt Machine Pistol
KIll an enemy player with a gun they dropped that round
Kill the defuser with an HE grenade
As the last living terrorist, distract a defuser long enough for the bomb to explode
Kill an airborne enemy while you are also airborne
Win a round while making no footstep noise and killing at least one enemy
Win a round without your team killing any enemy players
Stop defusing to kill a terrorist and then successfully finish defusing the bomb
Start a round with all players on your team wearing the same uniform (at least 5 players)
Win a match of at least 10 players where the entirety of each team is composed of a single clan.
Donate 100 weapons to your teammates
Start a round on the same team as 4 of your friends, with all of you wearing the same outfit
Inflict 1,000,000 total points of damage to enemy players
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Aztec map
Get two kills standing in the same spot with a zoomed sniper rifle.
Kill 1,000 enemy players with the Maverick M4A1 Carbine
Successfully defuse a bomb with less than one second remaining
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Cbble map
Win 100 knife fights
Kill 200 enemy players with the KM Tactical .45
Plant 100 bombs
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Italy map
Kill 3 enemy players with a single HE grenade
Take 80 points of damage from enemy grenades and still survive the round
Unlock both shotgun kill achievements
Kill 200 enemy players with the Leone 12 Gauge Super
Kill 200 enemy players with the 228 Compact
Win 100 rounds on the CS_Office map
Win 25 Pistol Rounds
Kill an airborne enemy
Blind an enemy player who then kills a teammate
Kill 100 enemy players with the ES Five-Seven
Kill 200 enemy players with the Leone YG1265 Auto Shotgun
Kill 200 enemy players with the Night Hawk .50c
Kill 100 zoomed-in enemy snipers
Kill 100 enemy players with the knife
Earn $2,500,000 total cash
Kill a total of 20 enemy players that are dominating you
Kill a zoomed-in enemy sniper with a knife
Win 200 rounds
Win 100 rounds on the DE_Dust2 map
Kill 100 enemy players with the .40 Dual Elites
Kill 5 players in a C4 blast
Kill a total of 25 enemy players blinded by flashbangs
Win 5 Pistol Rounds
Kill 100 enemy players with enemy weapons
Kill 250 enemy players with headshots
Kill an enemy player that is dominating you
Kill an enemy player who is on a killing spree
Kill an enemy player who has just killed 10 of your teammates in a single round
Rescue all hostages within 90 seconds
Kill 500 enemies
Win 10 rounds without dying and not spending any cash
Kill an enemy player while you are airborne
Plant a bomb within 25 seconds
Inflict 50,000 total points of damage to enemy players
Use Dual Elites to kill an enemy player that also has Dual Elites equipped
Kill an enemy while at 1 health
Get a kill with every weapon
Get a total of 100 kills on enemy players you are dominating
Kill 10 enemy players in a single round
Defuse a bomb with a kit when it would have failed without one
Get kills with 5 different guns in a round
Be the last player alive in a round (with at least 5 players on your team)
Kill 5 enemy players with headshots in a single round
Get 10 kills on enemy players you are already dominating during a single match
Kill an enemy player 4 additional times while you are dominating them
Kill an enemy player within 3 seconds of them recovering a dropped bomb
Kill the entire enemy team (with at least 5 players) in a single round
Kill the entire opposing team without any members of your team taking any damage
Spray 100 decals
Win a knife fight
Kill an enemy player with a knife during the pistol round
Break 15 props in a single round
Shoot out 14 windows in a single round on cs_office
Win a round in less than 30 seconds (against at least 5 enemy players)
Dominate a total of 10 enemy players
Dominate three enemy players simultaneously
Do at least 95% damage to an enemy who is then killed by a another player
Survive a shot to the head because you had the good sense to wear a helmet
Kill a zoomed-in enemy sniper with a sniper rifle of your own
Kill a CT while he is defusing the bomb
Win a round by picking up the bomb from a fallen comrade and successfully planting it
Kill 5 enemy players within 15 seconds
Kill an enemy with an un-zoomed sniper rifle
Kill two enemy players with a single bullet
Kill two enemy players while you are blinded from a flashbang
Win a round by planting a bomb
Do 5,000 damage with nightvision active
Rescue all hostages in a single round
Kill an enemy with a grenade after you've died
Kill an enemy player while they are reloading
Kill the entire opposing team without any members of your team dying
Kill an enemy player who is leading the hostages without injuring any hostages
Kill an enemy with the last bullet in your magazine (excluding sniper rifles)
Earn $125,000 total cash
Kill an enemy player in the same round as they kill a player on your friends list
Kill an opponent you are already dominating
Kill 25 enemies
Dominate an enemy player
Inflict 2,500 total points of damage to enemy players
Win a round by defusing a bomb
Win 10 rounds
Kill an enemy player who has been reduced to less than 5% health by other players
Kill an enemy player while you are blinded from a flashbang