Here is the full list of all 24 SteamWorld Dig achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Dig out 15000 tiles.
Destroy a laser box.
Defeat 10 mecha trilobites before they wake up.
Destroy two generators before entering Vectron.
Find and sell 8 Uranium ores at the same time.
Find and sell 8 Trashium ores at the same time.
Complete the game with more than 20000 gold collected in total.
Complete the game with more than 150 orbs collected in total.
Immortalization of a destructible steambot.
Crush 10 enemies with falling blocks.
Defeat a turtle submerged in water.
Find and sell 16 Dark Matter ores at the same time.
Reach the bottom of the world.
Buy from all of Tumbleton's shops.
You found Vectron!
Defeat 10 shiners before they wake up.
You found the Old World!
Defeat 10 trilobites before they wake up.
You found Archaea!
Complete the game in less than 2 hours, 30 minutes.
Complete the game without getting killed once.
Get all four gold stars in the same playthrough.
Find all secret areas in the caves.
Maximize all upgrades.