Here is the full list of all 20 Spelunky achievements. It takes around 100-120 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Play Adventure Mode 1000 times.
Rescue all 16 hidden characters.
Complete 100% of the journal.
Rescue 10 or more damsels in one game.
Complete the game without collecting any treasure. No shortcuts.
Complete the game with at least two players alive. No shortcuts.
Obtain 500,000 gold.
Complete the game in under 8 minutes. No shortcuts.
Complete the game the hard way.
Reach the City of Gold.
Kill 12 or more shopkeepers in one game.
Complete the game.
Complete the game without using shortcuts.
Complete 50% of the journal.
Obtain the Ankh.
Reach the Temple.
Reach the Ice Caves.
Win the kapala from Kali.
Reach the Jungle.
Beat the Tutorial.