Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Clear one of each Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete each Speed Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.