Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Achieve User Level 24.
Recurse through the story.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.