Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Clear one of each Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.