Here is the full list of all 37 Thief achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Completed all client jobs in The City
Shot a bottle in mid-air with an arrow
Finished Chapter Eight
Finished the game in 15 hours or more
Finished Chapter Seven
Completed all Basso Jobs in The City
Completed a collectible set
Finished Chapter Six
Finished Chapter Five
Completed 10 optional Thieving Objectives
Disarmed ten trap mechanisms
Finished a single chapter without alerting anyone
Finished Chapter Four
Stole all loot and collectibles in a single chapter.
Finished Chapter Three
Discovered 15 secret areas
Picked a lock with masterful speed
Killed or knocked out 10 people using the environment
Finished Chapter Two
Sweet sixteen. Snuff said.
Finished Chapter One
Uncovered Lyegrove's secret
Stole 5 collectibles
Finished the Prologue
Picked 100 pockets in a single playthrough
Finished the game with a custom difficulty of 700 points or more
Completed 25 optional Thieving Objectives
Finished 3 consecutive chapters without taking damage
Picked a pocket and a lock using the focus ability
Finished the game without a single kill or knockout
Reached the final chapter without using the focus ability
Finished the game on Master difficulty
Scored an epic 5,000,000 or more in a Challenge Map
Completed all collectible sets
Discovered all secret areas
Used 40,000 gold
Found all the secret stashes in Moira