Here is the full list of all 12 Tharsis achievements.
Survive 3 turns with only one crew member.
Survive a turn with 9 or more incoming damage.
Get all crew classes to Mars.
Eat 120 human meals.
Travel 1 billion miles.
Earn 300 research.
Perform 2800 repairs.
Harvest 20 food.
Reach Mars without cannibalizing.
Reach Mars with 3 or more crew alive.
Reach Mars.
Take no hull damage for 4 turns.