Here is the full list of all 20 Spelunky achievements. It takes around 100-120 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the game without collecting any treasure. No shortcuts.
Complete 100% of the journal.
Win the kapala from Kali.
Rescue 10 or more damsels in one game.
Complete the game in under 8 minutes. No shortcuts.
Complete the game the hard way.
Reach the City of Gold.
Complete the game.
Complete the game without using shortcuts.
Kill 12 or more shopkeepers in one game.
Complete 50% of the journal.
Reach the Temple.
Reach the Ice Caves.
Reach the Jungle.
Obtain 500,000 gold.
Obtain the Ankh.
Beat the Tutorial.
Play Adventure Mode 1000 times.
Complete the game with at least two players alive. No shortcuts.
Rescue all 16 hidden characters.