Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Make 25 headshots.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Kill 20 lurkers.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 30 nosalises.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Kill a librarian.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.