Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Speed Test.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete each Planning Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.