Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.