Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete each Speed Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Clear one of each Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.