Here is the full list of all 24 SteamWorld Dig achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Crush 10 enemies with falling blocks.
Destroy two generators before entering Vectron.
Dig out 15000 tiles.
Get all four gold stars in the same playthrough.
Complete the game in less than 2 hours, 30 minutes.
Find and sell 16 Dark Matter ores at the same time.
Find all secret areas in the caves.
Destroy a laser box.
Defeat 10 shiners before they wake up.
Defeat a turtle submerged in water.
Reach the bottom of the world.
Complete the game with more than 20000 gold collected in total.
Complete the game with more than 150 orbs collected in total.
Complete the game without getting killed once.
Immortalization of a destructible steambot.
Maximize all upgrades.
Defeat 10 mecha trilobites before they wake up.
You found Vectron!
Find and sell 8 Uranium ores at the same time.
Buy from all of Tumbleton's shops.
You found the Old World!
Find and sell 8 Trashium ores at the same time.
Defeat 10 trilobites before they wake up.
You found Archaea!