Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Defeat the Ruin.
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Fix your ship.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Meet Esther.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.