Here is the full list of all 18 Sheltered achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Travel 1000 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Win combat using a gun
Have 5 or more plant stations in the shelter
Collect all 10 tools (on a single game)
Survive 100 days
Grow and harvest a plant from the plant station
Subdue an enemy in combat
Travel 500 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Search 200 locations (cumulatively)
Travel 100 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Trap an animal on the shelter surface
Survive a week
Upgrade a system once
Craft your first object/item
Fully upgrade a system
Fully upgrade all systems
Trap 100 animals on the shelter surface (cumulatively)
Take the RV out on an expedition