Here is the full list of all 10 Polarity achievements. It takes around 5-6 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete all the bonus levels.
Collected 60 Data Fragments.
Complete the single player campaign
Collected 30 Data Fragments
Destroy 10 Cubes.
Use 10 Jump Pads in any mode.
Die for the first time.
Finish the cooperative campaign.
Finish your first Cooperative level.
Collected all 111 Data Fragments.