Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 8 hours
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Research all technologies
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Finish the game
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Build Diesel locomotive
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing