Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Research all technologies
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Finish the game
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.