Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Finish the game
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.