Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game
Research all technologies
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Research Oil processing
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.