Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 8 hours
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Finish the game
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.