Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Finish the game
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Research all technologies
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.