Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Finish the game
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Build Diesel locomotive
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.