Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Research all technologies
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing
Produce 10k Electronic circuits