Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Research all technologies
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Get killed by moving Locomotive