Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Research all technologies
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Finish the game
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Research Oil processing
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.