Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Finish the game
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive
Research Oil processing
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours