Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 24.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete each Planning Test.
Complete each Stability Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.