Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish the game
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Research all technologies
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Build Diesel locomotive
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.