Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Finish the game
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Build Diesel locomotive
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Research all technologies
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.